Trade economists traditionally study the effect of lower variable trade costs. While increasingly important politically, technical barriers to trade (TBTs) have received less attention. Viewing TBTs as fixed regulatory costs related to the entry into export markets, we use a model with...

While international trade can offer gains from specialization and access to a wider range of products, it is also closely interlinked with global environmental problems, above all, anthropogenic climate change. This survey provides a structured overview of the economic literature on the...

While international trade can offer gains from specialisation and access to a wider range of products, it is also closely interlinked with global environmental problems, above all, anthropogenic climate change. This survey provides a structured overview of the economic literature on the...

World trade evolves at two margins. Where a bilateral trading relationship already exists it may increase through time (intensive margin). But trade may also increase if a trading bilateral relationship is newly established between countries that have not traded with each other in the past...

We introduce search and matching unemployment into a model of trade with differentiated goods and heterogeneous firms. Countries may differ with respect to size, geographical location, and labor market institutions. Contrary to the literature, our single-sector perspective pays special attention...

The distribution of transport infrastructure across space is the outcome of deliberate government planning that reflects a desire to unlock the welfare gains from regional economic integration. Yet, despite being one of the oldest government activities, the economic forces shaping the endogenous...

The COVID-19 virus has spread to 215 countries, virtually covering all areas of the world, and has plunged the world in a health emergency. The virus and the infection control measures by governments have an enormous, worldwide economic impact: when countries are connected by trade in goods,...

Die deutsche Exportwirtschaft ist seit Jahrzehnten eine wichtige Säule für die gesamtwirtschaftliche Entwicklung der Bundesrepublik. Entscheidend für den Erfolg deutscher Unternehmen bei der Erschließung internationaler Märkte ist neben der Innovationskraft der Firmen ebenso die...