This study estimates the average multivalued treatment effects (ATET), of preschool attendance measured in years, on students' international reading, math and science test z-scores in Grade 4. The causal treatment effects come from multiple-years observational data on three levels of preschool...

This study estimates the average multivalued treatment effects (ATET), of preschool attendance measured in years, on students' international reading, math and science test z-scores in Grade 4. The causal treatment effects come from multiple-years observational data on three levels of preschool...

In labor economics, an increasing number of assertions are set out in dynamic terms. Ideally, panel data — or, at least, retrospective data — must be used to test these assertions. However, recent studies have shown that data taken from a time series of cross sections can be used to...

This study compares the economic well-being of families with and without children and looks into their place in the size distribution of income, in Canada and Québec from 1971 to 1987. The evidence presented in the paper suggests that having children reduces the chances of affluence and...