We study how access pricing affects network competition when consumers'subscription demand is elastic and networks compete with non-linearprices and can use termination-based price discrimination. In the caseof a fixed per minute termination charge, our model generalizes theresults of Gans and...

This article analyses recent developments in Spanish banks’ fee and commission income and the related applicable legal framework. The main conclusions point to the increasing relevance of payment services, the overall rise in such income in Spain, in clear alignment with other European...