This paper presents a formal theory of reciprocity. Reciprocity means that people reward kind actions and punish unkind …

This paper investigates the driving forces behind informal sanctions in cooperation games and the extent to which … theories of fairness and reciprocity capture these forces. We find that cooperators' punishment is almost exclusively targeted …

This paper investigates the driving forces behind informal sanctions in cooperation games and the extent to which … theories of fairness and reciprocity capture these forces. We find that cooperators’ punishment is almost exclusively targeted …

available appropriation behavior is more efficient. Our analysis shows that these regularities arise naturally when a fraction …

available appropriation behavior is more efficient. Our analysis shows that these regularities arise naturally when a fraction …

This paper presents a formal theory of reciprocity. Reciprocity means that people reward kind actions and punish unkind …

This paper presents a formal theory of reciprocity. Reciprocity means that people reward kind actions and punish unkind …

norms. In recent years, there has been substantial progress, however, on how cooperation norms are enforced. Here we review …. Moreover, the explicit study of sanctioning behavior provides instruments for measuring social norms and has also led to deeper … insights into the proximate and ultimate forces behind human cooperation. …