The Covid-19 pandemic exposed the fragility of institutional supply arrangements to the world and sparked predatory competition among buyers. In this context, the rationalization of demand and use of medical inputs and the centralized management o these acquisitions are recommended strategies,...

While often times the Hypothetical Monopolist Test (HMT) utilized in relevant market delineation is implemented with uniform price increases throughout all the goods in the candidate relevant market, since 1984 the versions of the U.S. Merger Guidelines have emphasized that these small but...

A decree from 2000 - which created the Brazilian Civil Aviation Council (Conac) -, joint with a law from 2005 - which created the Brazilian Civil Aviation Agency (Anac) - rule that the former proposes to the President of the Republic a regulatory benchmark for the airport industry. The recent...

While often times the Hypothetical Monopolist Test (HMT) utilized in relevant market delineation is implemented with uniform price increases throughout all the goods in the candidate relevant market, since 1984 the versions of the U.S. Merger Guidelines have emphasized that these small but...

Two major changes in Brazilian legislation during the 1990s reshaped the local pharmaceutical industry: the ratification of the TRIPS agreement including a provision for pipeline inventions in 1996, and a Generic Drug Act in 1999, which introduced bioequivalence tests and facilitated generic...

Two major changes in Brazilian legislation during the 1990s reshaped the local pharmaceutical industry: the ratification of the TRIPS agreement including a provision for pipeline inventions in 1996, and a Generic Drug Act in 1999, which introduced bioequivalence tests and facilitated generic...