This article presents and explores a model of union participation using union orientation as a segmenting criterion. Union orientation is shown to have a strong relationship with participation rates. The relationship between union segmentation, social networks, and political socialization is...

A feature of the industrial landscape in the 1990s is the emergence of a growing number of non‐union companies. Numerous factors have been suggested to explain this increase such as an increasingly competitive product market; fear of unemployment; a shift in managerial attitudes towards trade...