numbers to study the drivers of a gender gap in political influence among elected politicians. Using panel data for the … careers of 35.000 Swedish municipal politicians over six election cycles we first document the said gender gap. Women are … meritocracy is not enforced. Positive correlations between competition and measures of competence for elected politicians of both …

empirically separate the two effects since these occur simultaneously. In this paper we use a large set of counterfactual election …

empirical tests for this phenomenon and apply them to longitudinal data on Swedish politicians. Results show that women face a …

empirically separate the two effects since these occur simultaneously. In this paper we use a large set of counterfactual election …

political selection among the universe of municipal politicians and national legislators in Sweden, using extraordinarily rich … characterize an “inclusive meritocracy.” First, politicians are on average significantly smarter and better leaders than the … selection between competence and social representation, mainly due to strong positive selection of politicians of low (parental …

are tested with data on candidates in Swedish municipalities over seven elections (1988-2010), where we use administrative … data on labor-market performance to craete a measure of the competence of politicians. We investigate the effects of the … politicians where it raised the share of female representation the most. …