Official A at almost all individual detection levels. This 'legitimacy' effect may help explain why anti-corruption policies …

states. This is suggestive of an unearned, and likely high, reputational cost to being a new state. These findings hold over …

Experimental studies have shown that deterrence (monitoring and punishment) can be an effective anti-corruption policy …

We analyse policy makers' incentives to fight corruption under different institutional qualities. We find that 'public … officials', even when non-corrupt, significantly distort anti-corruption institutions by choosing a lower detection probability … legal equality can be considered worse in reducing corruption. Finally, corruption is significantly lower when the detection …