compare decentralization--where the business unit using the technology makes licensing decisions--to centralized licensing … technology markets favors centralization and drives higher licensing rates. Our model conforms to the existing evidence that …

study how the development of specialized upstream technology suppliers improves access and lowers investment costs for …, the greater is the number of technology suppliers that operate in the first world. A major contribution of this paper is … that we identify an important and understudied mechanism through which technology is made available, with beneficial …