We link up with the recent literature on the differentiated MNC with its stress on intra-MNC knowledge flows. However, rather than focusing on the characteristics of knowledge as determinants of knowledge transfer within MNCs, we focus instead on levels of knowledge in subsidiaries, the sources...

Most recent research on the differentiated MNC has been taken up with knowledge flows between MNC units. In contrast, we develop a view of the MNC as a knowledge structure where knowledge elements in MNCs are seen as being structured along a number of dimensions (e.g., complementarity,...

Recent research on the differentiated MNC has concerned knowledge flows between MNC units. While linking up with this literature, we extend in two directions. First, we argue that conceptualizing the MNC as a knowledge structure furthers the understanding of intra-MNC knowledge flows. Thus, we...