The second transformation' of U.S. education the growth of secondary schooling occurred swiftly in the early 1900s and placed the educational attainment of Americans far ahead of that in other nations for much of the twentieth century. Just 9 percent of U.S. youths had high school diplomas in...

Between 1890 and the late 1920s the premium to high school education declined substantially for both men and women. In 1890 ordinary office workers, whose positions generally required a high school diploma, earned almost twice what production workers did. But by the late 1920s they earned about...

The human capital century -- Inequality across the twentieth century -- Skill-biased technological change -- Origins of the virtues -- Economic foundations of the high school movement -- America's graduation from high school -- Mass higher education in the twentieth century -- The race between...