We investigate the role of universities as a knowledge source for regional innovation processes. The contribution of … pure size is unimportant. Therefore, a policy that wants to promote regional innovation processes by building up … effects of universities to be concentrated in space. Obviously, the geographical proximity to particular knowledge sources is …

external knowledge acquisition are complementary innovation activities, but that the degree of complementarity is sensitive to … existence of complementarity. We use our empirical methodology to analyze complementarity between innovation activities …: internal research and development (R& D) and external knowledge acquisition. Our results suggest that internal R& D and …

transition economies have highly-developed innovation profiles. Analysis of the prerequisites for knowledge-based growth … countries have established a knowledge-based growth path or have the potential to develop one in the near future. We start by … looking at how the transition countries covered by the paper measure up according to traditional innovation input and output …