, until 2005. Laser technology research has been nearly exclusively conducted in regions that are home to a university with a … adjacent regions, geographic proximity to the center of initial laser research was conducive to early adoption of laser … research; however, the effect is small. The earlier a region embarked on this type of research, the higher the level of laser …

private sector as well as from public research institutions. The impact of both the specialization and the additional factors …

adjacent regions. One main finding is that the quality of the university research makes some contribution to regional …We investigate the contribution of different inputs, particularly different knowledge sources, on regional patenting … research institutions by field of research (budget), amount of university external research funds from private firms, public …

2005. Research in this new technological field began in a few larger centers and then spread to other regions. In the early … the knowledge in laser technology was particularly high in those regions which have started laser research rather early …