efficiency improvements. Although the provision of information via energy audits is frequently asserted to be an effective means … for governments to encourage the implementation of efficiency-enhancing renovations, empirical support for this assertion …, second, the response to this information may vary over households. Using household data from Germany, we address both sources …

Using household travel diary data collected in Germany between 1997 and 2012, we employ an instrumental variable (IV …) approach to estimate fuel price and efficiency elasticities. The aim is to gauge the relative impacts of fuel economy standards … indistinguishable: higher fuel prices reduce driving by the same degree as higher fuel efficiency increases driving. This finding …