The body of research on how consumer-directed health plans (CDHPs) affect the use and costs of health care services -- while still relatively small -- is growing. In recent work, the Employee Benefit Research Institute has examined these relationships using panel data from a large employer that...

Consumer-directed health plans (CDHPs) are designed to make employees more cost- and health-conscious by exposing them more directly to the costs of their care, which should lower demand for care and, in turn, control premium growth. These features have made consumer-directed plans increasingly...

This paper explores differences in choice of health plan using data from the 2009 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey. It examines the likelihood of having a choice of plan by various demographics and work-related variables. It also examines choice by health status and health...

This paper summarizes the literature on CDHP offer rates and enrollment. Since consumer-driven health plans (CDHPs) were first offered in 2001, estimates of how many workers would be enrolled in these plans have varied widely. The U.S. Treasury Department has predicted that 25-30 million people...

This paper presents findings from the 2009 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey, which provides nationally representative data regarding the growth of consumer-driven health plans (CDHPs) and high-deductible health plans (HDHPs), and the impact of these plans and consumer...

While there is a growing body of literature around the use of medical services and spending among individuals in HSA-eligible plans, there is limited financial data on accounts and account owners. In 2013, the maximum annual contribution to an HSA was $3,250 for account owners with individual...

This paper presents findings from the 2014 EBRI/Greenwald & Associates Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey (CEHCS). In 2014, there was $22.1 billion in health savings accounts (HSAs) and health reimbursement arrangements (HRAs), spread across 10.6 million accounts, according to data from...

2014 marks the 10-year anniversary of the introduction of health savings accounts (HSAs), created by Congress in 2003. In 2013, enrollment in HSA-eligible health plans was estimated to range from 15.5 million to 20.4 million policyholders and their dependents. Nearly 11 million accounts holding...