In addition to firm and industry characteristics, the heterogeneity of foreign direct investment (FDI) has to be taken into account when analyzing the determinants of outward FDI. We combine two firm-specific datasets on German firms with subsidiaries and joint ventures in the Czech Republic,...

This dissertation consists of five chapters. The first chapter produces introduction. Chapter 2 aims at analyzing how the presence of foreign affiliates in Vietnamese manufacturing influences the productivity of domestic firms through horizontal and vertical linkages in the period of post-WTO...