in the early 1990s. This positive effect, however, is fully captured by productivity, once controlling for TFP in our … in the early 1990s. This positive effect, however, is fully captured by productivity, once controlling for TFP in our …

in the early 1990s. This positive effect, however, is fully captured by productivity, once controlling for TFP in our …

's productivity. We compare outsourcing in domestic with foreign-owned establishments. Our empirical results suggest that high wages …-owned firms have higher levels of outsourcing than domestic establishments. In the productivity analysis we find that an … establishment's outsourcing intensity is positively related to its labour productivity and total factor productivity growth and that …

exporting and productivity shows that exporters on average are more efficient than nonexporters. If that is the case we may also …