corruption on productivity. Corruption is defined as a 'bribe tax' and is compared to another form of institutional inefficiency …, which is often believed to be closely linked with corruption: the 'time tax' imposed on firms by red tape. When testing … individual firms appears to vary depending on overall institutional quality: in countries where corruption is more prevalent and …

corruption on productivity. Corruption is defined as a “bribe tax” and is compared to another form of institutional inefficiency …, which is often believed to be closely linked with corruption: the “time tax” imposed on firms by red tape. When testing … individual firms appears to vary depending on overall institutional quality: in countries where corruption is more prevalent and …

corruption on productivity. Corruption is narrowly defined as the occurrence of informal payments to government officials to ease … grease" hypothesis by investigating whether corruption may increase productivity by helping reduce the time tax on firms … corruption is more prevalent and the legal framework is weaker, bribery is more harmful for firm-level productivity …