In this paper, we investigate whether gender norms and institutions act as a constraint to the performance of female … controlling for other factors that affect female businesses uniformly across all markets. We provide evidence that gender … inequality and institutional biases against women in trade partner countries play an important role in explaining gender …

Aoife Hanley, Holger Görg, Cecilia Hornok and Charles Ackah, the authors examine the scale of the gender productivity gap in …