This paper introduces newly coded information describing province- and year-specific variation in work requirements, diversion, earning exemptions, and time limits. This new information reveals a large decline in the chance of welfare participation of at least 1.1 percentage points (9.2%...

Heterogeneous welfare reform policies and timing of those policies among Canadian provinces reveal new information about the roles of different policy tools in accounting for declines in welfare participation. Work requirements, diversion, earnings exemptions, and time limits—referred to as...

Heterogeneous welfare reform policies and timing of those policies among Canadian provinces reveal new information about the roles of different policy tools in accounting for declines in welfare participation. Work requirements, diversion, earnings exemptions, and time limits – referred to as...