Today a growing number of goods and services are provided in the marketplace free of charge; indeed, free or the appearance of free, have become part of our ecosystem. More often than not, free goods and services provide real benefits to consumers and are clearly pro-competitive. Yet free goods...

While data were always valuable in a range of economic activities, the advent of new and improved technologies for the collection, storage, mining, synthesizing, and analysis of data has led to the ability to utilize vast volumes of data in real-time in order to learn new information. Part I...

With data rapidly becoming the lifeblood of the global economy, the efficiency of its use significantly affects both social and private welfare. While the volume of data collected has reached astronomical proportions, the fact that most data are collected in a system that is largely modular and...

Algorithms, especially those based on artificial intelligence, play an increasingly important role in our economy. They are used by market participants to make pricing, output, quality, and inventory decisions; to predict market entry, expansion, and exit; and to predict regulatory moves. In a...

This Comment is written in response to DOJ-FTC Request for Information on Merger Enforcement. We explain that the use of pricing algorithms based on artificial intelligence methodologies (hereinafter: "pricing algorithms"), by one or both parties, should be taken into account in the merger...