practice, incumbency advantage and coordination issues may lead to the (re)election of bad politicians. We ask whether these … elections, we find that winning an election increases candidates' chances to win the next election by 25.1 percentage points … conclude that party coordination and voters rallying candidates who won or gained visibility in an election both contribute to …

, Spain, the UK and the US - under population aging. Two main aspects of the aging process are relevant to the analysis. First … aspect dominates in all countries, albeit with some differences. Spain, the fastest aging country, faces the largest increase …