characteristics of European inventors, the sources of their knowledge, the importance of formal and informal collaborations, the …

This study updates the debate on the sources of innovation. Using techniques like factor analysis, multidimensional … provides three main findings. The first more precisely highlights the role of demand as a source of innovation. The second … innovation. The third unveils a distinction between external and internal sources of innovations. The sources of innovation can …

their inward looking or exploitation attitude in R&D and innovation. We argue that because of sunk costs and learning …. Among other things, this suggests that exploration, which leads to the opening of new innovation trajectories, requires not …

European countries. As a whole, Europe is lagging behind in its ability to generate, organise, and sustain innovation processes … position of the US as a locus of innovation in pharmaceuticals has increased over the past decade compared to Europe. All in …

the 1990s. This enabled us to characterise several features of the innovation process in pharmaceuticals, particularly the …