This paper examines the effect of HMO market development on hospital utilization in short term general hospitals in the … variation in hospital utilization. Among seven measures of hospital utilization, the association between inpatient days per … hospital utilization over the period 1985 to 1993 was attributable more to factors such as technological change than to HMOs …

review the large empirical literature on the strategic determination of hospital prices through the lens of this model … consider competition in health insurance markets and physician services markets. We conclude by considering vertical restraints …