spending on the privately insured, and analyze the factors associated with hospital price variation. Four key findings emerge …

, half of the spending variation is driven by price variation across regions and half is driven by quantity variation. Prices … homogenous service such as lower-limb MRIs, about a fifth of the total case-level price variation occurs within a hospital in the … cross-section. Hospital market structure is strongly associated with price levels and contract structure. Prices at monopoly …

charged to private payers after 1999. We find a downward trend in price for private pay patients in the 1990s and a rapid … the change in hospital market concentration. For example, the greatest price rises came from hospitals in monopoly and … cost increases due to the nursing staffing regulations are not large enough to account for the price increase, and the …

, half of the spending variation is driven by price variation across regions and half is driven by quantity variation. Prices … homogenous service such as lower-limb MRIs, about a fifth of the total case-level price variation occurs within a hospital in the … cross-section. Hospital market structure is strongly associated with price levels and contract structure. Prices at monopoly …

charged to private payers after 1999. We find a downward trend in price for private pay patients in the 1990s and a rapid … the change in hospital market concentration. For example, the greatest price rises came from hospitals in monopoly and … cost increases due to the nursing staffing regulations are not large enough to account for the price increase, and the …

consider competition in health insurance markets and physician services markets. We conclude by considering vertical restraints …