We investigate whether investors are misled by firms that exclude particular expenses in calculating non-GAAP earnings in order to beat analysts' earnings forecasts. Our empirical analyses suggest that firms that pursue a strategy of non-GAAP reporting to beat analysts' earnings forecasts not...

Provides a critical analysis of the process of developing a national qualifications framework (NQF), highlighting the problems that may arise in implementation. Describes the main features of an NQF, identifies different national models and outlines successful approaches.