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EU demand for defense, 1990-2019: A strategic spatial approach

George, Justin; Sandler, Todd - In: Games 12 (2021) 1, pp. 1-18

For 1990-2019, this study presents two-step GMM estimates of EU members' demands for defense spending based on alternative spatial-weight matrices. In particular, EU spatial connectivity is tied to EU membership status, members' contiguity, contiguity and power projection, inverse distance, and...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013200075

Why concessions should not be made to terrorist kidnappers

Brandt, Patrick T.; George, Justin; Sandler, Todd - In: European journal of political economy 44 (2016), pp. 41-52

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011636254

Asia-Pacific demand for military expenditure : spatial panel and SUR estimates

George, Justin; Hou, Dongfang; Sandler, Todd - In: Defence and peace economics 30 (2019) 4, pp. 381-401

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012200542

Demand for military spending in NATO, 1968-2015 : a spatial panel approach

George, Justin; Sandler, Todd - In: European journal of political economy 53 (2018), pp. 222-236

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011973326

EU demand for defense, 1990-2019 : a strategic spatial approach

George, Justin; Sandler, Todd - In: Games 12 (2021) 1/13, pp. 1-18

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012432602

NATO defense demand, free riding, and the Russo-Ukrainian war in 2022

George, Justin; Sandler, Todd - In: Journal of industrial and business economics 49 (2022) 4, pp. 783-806

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013461690