The disproportionate out-of-school suspension of Black students is a persistent racial and social justice issue nationwide. We approached this issue sensitized by social construction and critical race theories. Thirty-one youth, 28 caregivers and 19 educators participated in in-depth,...

This research examines the perspectives of youths, their caregivers and educators on specific incidences of recent out-of-school suspensions. Racial disproportionality in out-of-school suspensions is a persistent, multi-level social justice and child well-being issue. We examined suspensions...

Racial disproportionality in out-of-school suspensions is a persistent social justice issue affecting students, families, and schools. This research examined the use of criminal justice language in the personal narratives of out-of-school suspensions of 31 Black students aged 11–17years, 28...