In its gradual approach to economic transition, China deferred the difficult process of restructuring state owned … enterprises (SOEs) until the mid-1990s. When restructuring of large scale SOEs accelerated after 1997, China witnessed sharp …

This paper highlights the employment patterns of China's over-45 population and, for perspective, places them in the … developing countries, China can be characterized as having two retirement systems: a formal system, under which urban employees … of exit from work are shown to be much greater in urban China than in rural areas, and also greater than observed in …

This paper highlights the employment patterns of China’s over 45 population and, for perspective, places them in the … developing countries, China can be characterized as having two retirement systems: a formal system, under which urban employees … of exit from work are shown to be much greater in urban China than in rural areas, and also greater than observed in …

This paper highlights the employment patterns of China's over-45 population and, for perspective, places them in the … developing countries, China can be characterized as having two retirement systems: a formal system, under which urban employees … of exit from work are shown to be much greater in urban China than in rural areas, and also greater than observed in …

This paper highlights the employment patterns of China's over-45 population and, for perspective, places them in the … developing countries, China can be characterized as having two retirement systems: a formal system, under which urban employees … of exit from work are shown to be much greater in urban China than in rural areas, and also greater than observed in …

This paper highlights the employment patterns of China's over-45 population and, for perspective, places them in the … developing countries, China can be characterized as having two retirement systems: a formal system, under which urban employees … of exit from work are shown to be much greater in urban China than in rural areas, and also greater than observed in …

This paper highlights the employment patterns of China's over 45 population and, for perspective, places them in the … developing countries, China can be characterized as having two retirement systems: a formal system, under which urban employees … of exit from work are shown to be much greater in urban China than in rural areas, and also greater than observed in …

apply these tools to the measurement of chronic and transient poverty in China using a rich panel data set that extends over …

attend high school in rural China. Change in the cost of migration is identified using exogenous variation across counties in …