Biofortification is a rapidly emerging strategy to address micronutrient malnutrition, but as an agricultural strategy with health objectives, it faces unique challenges. This article identifies three challenges to agricultural technology adoption that biofortification must meet to become a...

Failure of integrability is shown to cause path-dependence of willingness-to-pay measures of welfare change. Using the linear expenditure system, effects of failure of integrability are negligible (substantial) for estimating income (price) elasticities. For single price changes, Hausman's...

In Ethiopia, as in many other African countries, there is a pressing need to improve household food security. An emerging consensus suggests that this is most easily accomplished through two development strategies with two complementary dimensions: investments that facilitate income generation...

We estimate the impact of Bolsa Família on a range of education outcomes, including school participation, grade progression, grade repetition, and dropout rates. Using a large-sample household panel survey from 2005–2009 collected for this evaluation, we develop a statistically balanced...

There is considerable debate about whether social protection programs providing transfers to households create disincentives for labor supply, but little attention is paid to the effect of programs on other forms of labor reallocation. This article estimates the impact of Brazil’s Bolsa...

We use longitudinal household data and propensity score weighting methods to assess the impact of Brazil’s Bolsa Família conditional cash transfer program on schooling outcomes of children aged 6–17years. Weak aggregate effects mask considerable heterogeneity. Among girls, the program...

A common concern about social protection programmes is that the transfers they provide may create disincentives for work. By raising incomes, transfer payments may encourage households to seek more leisure time and reduce their participation in the labour force or the number of hours worked,...

Em muitos Programas de Transferência Condicionada (PTCs) de renda no mundo ? inclusive no Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) do Brasil ? as transferências de renda são destinadas, preferencialmente, às mulheres. Esta característica foi motivada por pesquisas anteriores, que demonstraram que um...