We introduce the notion of language disenfranchisement which arises if the number of EU working languages is reduced …. We use the data on language proficiency in EU and show that, in spite of the widespread knowledge of English, the … though French is the second leading language within the EU, the situation is likely to be reversed after the enlargement. …

authors, this may lead to a form of cultural domination of English. The population speaking English as a first language is … other language. We develop a theoretical model of translation, which is estimated on the basis of UNESCO translation data …