Cities are shaped by transportation infrastructure. Older cities were anchored by waterways. Nineteenth century cities … value of investing in transportation infrastructure. Future transportation innovations, including autonomous vehicles and …

Which Americans experience the worst infrastructure? What are the costs of living with that infrastructure? We measure …

infrastructure and institutions. Providing clean water and removing refuse requires water and sewer pipes, but the urban poor are … by a penalty-based system. We present a model that illustrates the complementarity between infrastructure and …