The accurate prediction of rutting development is an essential element for the efficient management of pavement systems. In addition, progression models of highway pavement rutting can be used to study the effects of different loading levels, and thus in allocating cost responsibilities to...

We have carefully reviewed "Evaluation of the California Smog Check Program and Recommendations for Program Improvements: Fourth Report to the Legislature." Overall, we find it a thorough and competent presentation of the basic facts, though we disagree with the conclusions. Our major concern is...

Consider a consumer who can choose to travel on a congestible fast mode or on a congestible slow mode. Users who most value time will use the fast mode. A toll on the slow mode can induce some people who initially use that mode to switch to the fast mode. A toll on the slow mode with revenue not...

Many regulatory programs such as environmental regulation are effective only if firms make irreversible investments that reduce the cost of compliance. A firm potentially subject to regulation may therefore behave strategically by not investing, thereby forcing the regulator to void the proposed...

A linear tax on an externality-generating activity may not attain the first-best social optimum. The problem arises because a monopolist’s gain from improving the characteristics of a product may differ from the social gain, even when consumers are willing to pay for the change.

Consider a community with individuals who consume a private good and use a congestible facility. Without a congestion fee, use of the congestible facility will exceed the socially optimal level. We show that under some conditions this externality problem can be solved by income redistribution....

Properly specified pavement deterioration models are an important input for the efficient management of pavements, the allocation of cost responsibilities to various vehicle classes for their use of the highway system, and the design of pavement structures. However, most empirical deterioration...

Standard economic theory states that regulation by price is more efficient than regulation by command and control. Exceptions may arise of regulators have good knowledge of the supply curve. In practice, though, governments usually regulate by command and control, and do so when there is...

Payment deterioration models are an important input for the efficient management of pavement systems, the allocation of cost responsibilities to various vehicle classes for their use of the highway system, and the design of pavement structures. This paper is concerned with the development of an...

Reducing emissions of pollutants from cars requires that new vehicles be designed and built to pollute less, and also requires some ongoing inspection and maintenance programme to ensure that a vehicle's operation conforms to those design standards. This paper focuses on these programmes,...