Europe’s unique place in western political economy (previously defined by its commitment to social-democracy) has recently transformed through adherence to a model of development that sees the separation of politics from economics as integral to stability. This report attempts to trace the...

The financial crisis and its subsequent spread in European economies has sparked an interest in investment litigations and arbitrations. Foreign investors are utilising every means available in resisting regulatory measures that affect them detrimentally, hoping that dispute resolution can...

The paper offers a reflection on how the ECB approaches its mandate and tests how well its key crisis-response policies and initiatives rest within a framework of law. It is argued that there are limits to doing ‘whatever it takes', even when things are considered economically necessary. The...

The paper investigates whether institutional independence contributes positively to central bank responses to economic emergencies. The paper examines evidence of central bank responses to the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 to investigate correlation between independence and...

Following the inconclusive results of the Greek election on May 6th 2012, talk of a Greek exit from the Eurozone (known as Grexit in the financial press) has dominated international media. A lot of discussion however by policy makers, political and economic commentators in Greece and...

According to the Financial Times (James Wilson & Gerrit Wiesmann 12.3.2012) German investors were seeking lawsuits over the Greek debt swap, immediately after it was set in motion in March 2012. According to reports, a German law firm was preparing lawsuits against banks and the Greek state on...

The sovereign debt crisis that engulfed Europe in 2010 led investors to pursue dispute resolution options primarily through investor state arbitration when faced with losses. This paper looks back at the cases of investors who suffered losses in the Greek haircut and because of the Cypriot...

The predominance of technocracy and preference for institutional independence that was key to the market-state relationship since the end of the cold-war is being challenged by renewed calls for re-politicisation from across the political spectrum. The prime examples in developed economies are...

This chapter explores how recent moves by western nations to restrict the involvement of Chinese multinational Huawei in 5G telecoms development could give rise to ISDS actions. China has been increasing its outgoing foreign investment and is now a player with global aspirations as evidenced in...

Following a court decision on July 10, 2020, the Turkish authorities revoked the status of Istanbul's 6th century iconic cathedral, the Hagia Sophia, turning the building from a museum into a mosque. Hagia Sophia is a historic site on UNESCO's World Heritage List that has served as a Roman...