establishments (0–9 employees), subsidized Minijob employment comprises large shares of the work force, on average over 40%. For … these establishments, robust evidence shows that increasing the subsidization of Minijob employment crowds out non …-subsidized employment. Our results imply that Minijob employment in 2014 may have eliminated more than 0.5 million unsubsidized employment …

wage and employment consequences in case of wage negotiations and raise employment if there is efficient bargaining … whether there is wage or efficient bargaining. Moreover, trade unions redistribute income and thereby affect welfare. If firms … collective bargaining. Adopting a positive perspective, we show that CSR objectives which foster economic activity have ambiguous …