large increase in its DR because its fertility rate is low, its people are long lived and it has little immigration …. Fertility is the largest of the contributors in Japan. If there are no demographic changes in Japan, the DR will be 0.88 by 2050 … dependency ratio (DR), is currently about 0.64. In the immediate pre-WWII era it was even higher because Japan's total fertility …

dependency ratio (DR), is currently about 0.64. In the immediate pre-WWII era it was even higher because Japan's total fertility ….44 in 1990. But further declining fertility and rising life expectancy caused the DR to shoot up after 1995.In this short … its DR because its fertility rate is low, its people are long lived and it has little immigration. Fertility is the …

Introduction / Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz -- Transitions over the lifecycle. Women working longer: facts and … some explanations / Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz -- The return to work and women's employment decisions / Nicole … Maestas -- Understanding why black women are not working longer / Joanna N. Lahey -- Family matters: caregiving, marriage, and …