This paper develops a model of IPOs in which book building and a grey market (i.e. a when-issued market) take place simultaneously. While book building contains information about the fundamental value of the issue and is kept confidential, the grey market reflects the opinion of retail investors...

When using a formal bookbuilding procedure, underwriters observe the demand curves of investors as stated in the quot;bookquot; prior to pricing shares in an equity issue. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the investment bank uses the information in the book when setting the issue...

Under the bookbuilding procedure, an investment banker solicits bids for shares from institutional investors prior to pricing the issue. After collecting this demand information, the investment banker prices the issue and allocates shares to the investors. We examine the books from 39...

What role do sentiment investors play in the pricing of newly listed stocks? We derive conditions under which we can distinguish between sentiment and rational pricing behavior and test for the rationality of small investors demand for new stock issues using data from pre-issue (or grey )...

We examine whether irrational behavior among small (retail) investors drives post-IPO prices. We use prices from the grey market (the when-issued market that precedes European IPOs) to proxy for small investors' valuations. High grey market prices (indicating excessive optimism) are a very good...