) the tax-free status of publicly owned utilities and the availability of low-cost debt, and (2) the renewable energy … production incentive (REPI) available only to publicly owned utilities. Possible economic advantages to entering into a PPA with … NUG-owned renewable energy, and (2) the California state production incentives available to NUGs but not utilities. This …

--any comparison of the levelized cost of renewable to gas-fired generation should be based on a hedged gas price input, rather than an …

policymaker interested in evaluating different resource options) should therefore compare the cost of fixed-price renewable … generation to the hedged or guaranteed cost of new natural gas-fired generation, rather than to projected costs based on … hedged cost of natural gas-fired generation. Nonetheless, utilities and others often compare the costs of renewable to gas …

equating it with the cost of achieving price stability through other means, particularly gas-based financial derivatives ….50 cents/kWh over expected spot prices to lock in natural gas prices for the next 10 years. This incremental cost is …

physical, fixed-price gas contracts. Whether energy efficiency and renewable energy can provide price stability at lower cost … cost of hedging gas price risk through financial hedging instruments. To do this, we compare the price of a 10-year natural …) over expected spot prices to lock in natural gas prices for the next 10 years. This incremental cost to hedge gas price …

electricity industry. Recent industry instability also illustrates the need for thoughtful resource planning to balance the cost …

California. The analysis is based on 15-minute interval building load and PV production data for 24 commercial PV installations … PV system relative to building load, the specific shape of the PV production profile, and the customer load profile. We …

: (1) the tax-free status of publicly owned utilities and the availability of low-cost debt, and (2) the renewable energy … production incentive (REPI) available only to publicly owned utilities. Possible economic advantages to entering into a PPA with … NUG-owned renewable energy, and (2) the California state production incentives available to NUGs but not utilities. This …

forms, they commonly include up-front capital cost rebates or ongoing production incentives, supplemented by net metering …