Ukraine (1985-2002). There has been an increase in returns to schooling in both countries but the increase is much bigger in … Russia than in Ukraine. The intriguing question is why returns to schooling in Russia and Ukraine diverged so much over the … school graduates for Ukraine using the distributions of Russian characteristics, returns to characteristics, and …

employees. In the case of Ukraine, we find that public sector employees receive 24-32% less wages than their private sector … find that the lower bound estimate of the extent of bribery in Ukraine is between 460 mln and 580 mln U.S. dollars (0 ….9-1.2% of Ukraine's GDP in 2003). …

n Russia and Ukraine (1985-2002). There has been an increase in returns to schooling in both countries but the increase … is much bigger in Russia than in Ukraine. The intriguing question is why returns to schooling in Russia and Ukraine … distributions for university and secondary school graduates for Ukraine using the distributions of Russian characteristics, returns …

. In thecase of Ukraine, we find that public sector employees receive 24-32% less wages than their private sector … find that the lower bound estimate of the extent of bribery in Ukraine is between 460 mln and 580 mln U.S. dollars (0 ….9-1.2% of Ukraine’s GDP in 2003). …

employees. In the case of Ukraine, we find that public sector employees receive 24-32% less wages than their private sector … find that the lower bound estimate of the extent of bribery in Ukraine is between 460 mln and 580 mln U.S. dollars (0 ….9-1.2% of Ukraine's GDP in 2003). -- wage ; wage differentials ; public sector ; corruption ; bribery ; Ukraine …