From 1906 until 1931, Manchuria – Northeast China - was a complex patchwork of Chinese, Japanese, and Russian spheres of control. Since political authority was fragmented, none of the governments was capable of establishing a central bank with a monopoly over the money supply. Multiple...

The collapse of financial markets and exchange rates across Southeast and East Asia in 1997 and 1998 affected the economies of China and Vietnam much less than those of most other Asian countries. Ironically, the two transitional economies were protected to a great extent by the incomplete...

A major economic mystery of the 1990s is why the transition to market-based systems has been so difficult. Key strategic services such as financial, legal, and accounting services are relatively deficient in transitional economies due to decades of being supplanted by the command structure....