differences when measuring poverty, there is little reliable evidence on how these factors actually affect poverty estimates … account by using municipal housing price indices or by replacing the country-specific poverty line with municipal …-specific poverty lines. Applying Norwegian register data for the period 1993-2001, we find that disregarding the value of local public …

There is a heated debate in many European countries about a move towards a welfare system that increases the incentives … for lone mothers to move off welfare and into work. We analyze the consequences of a major Norwegian workfare reform of … the generous welfare system for lone mothers. Our difference-in-differences estimates show that the policy changes were …

The generous Nordic model of welfare is commonly viewed as an exceptional success both in terms of equality and … and high welfare dependency, such as lone mothers, were vastly overrepresented among the poor. This motivated a workfare … reform of the Norwegian welfare system for lone mothers; activity requirements were introduced, time limits imposed, and …