Financial penalties are often not the most important method of enforcement of data privacy laws. But they are easier to obtain (though still a non-trivial task), and can be extracted from the records of courts, data protection authorities (DPAs), government agencies, and other authorities...

India's Modi government has at long last submitted the Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 to India's lower house. The Bill is based on the draft Bill (and Report) prepared by the committee chaired by former Supreme Court Justice Srikrishna, but almost every clause of the ‘Srikrishna Bill' is...

The decade 2010-2019 has seen 62 new countries enacting data privacy laws, more than in any previous decade, giving a total of 142 countries with such laws by the end of 2019.This paper provides a graph illustrating that, if the current trajectory of enactment of new data privacy laws continues,...

Thailand's Personal Data Protection Act of 2019 may become one of the strongest data privacy laws in Asia. It is much stronger than the previous Bill, both in terms of its principles and its enforcement. However, the picture will not be complete until the many rules that can be made by its data...

The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), and to some extent the Australian government, have taken a prominent early position part of global moves toward tighter regulation of digital platforms, such as Facebook, Google, Amazon and others. The ACCC released the Final Report in...