The global supply of natural gas is fixed in the short run. Europe can replace the missing Russian gas only by bidding … more than consumers elsewhere, especially in Asia, are willing to pay. The supply of gas available for Europe is thus …

rapid across all states. They increased sharply in March and April 2020 and recovered steadily thereafter. In Europe, by … is most likely a consequence of the widespread use of short-term work schemes in Europe, given that the transatlantic …

The Lisbon strategy of the year 2000 failed: the share of R&D spending in Europe remains below the 3 percent of GDP … generate incremental innovations rather than large, disruptive ones. Consequently, Europe currently lags in high-tech sectors …