Traditionally, financial centres were held together be the need to be located in the proximity of physical exchanges. However, given the rise of information and communication technologies these quot;anchorsquot; have increasingly been lifted, with telling consequences for second-tier financial...

International financial centres used to be stable economic clusters held together by the centripetal forces emanating from physical exchanges. However, given near complete ‘virtualisation', these ‘anchors' have gradually disappeared. As this article demonstrates, this has had telling...