in California over the 1984-1988 period. I note that, due to the nature of hospital bargaining with PPOs, hospitals … the fact that hospital net prices declined in more ex-ante competitive areas in California after the arrival of PPOs … to obtain Sleep discounts off list prices from providers. I study hospital responses to the advent of price competition …

transport patients and have strong preferences for certain hospitals. Being admitted to a hospital with two standard deviations … hospital in a concentrated market increases spending but has no detectable effect on mortality …

in California over the 1984-1988 period. I note that, due to the nature of hospital bargaining with PPOs, hospitals … the fact that hospital net prices declined in more ex-ante competitive areas in California after the arrival of PPOs … to obtain Sleep discounts off list prices from providers. I study hospital responses to the advent of price competition …

deficiencies by studying a policy change that raised patient cost-sharing for retired public employees in California. We find that … HIE, we find large "offset" effects in terms of increased hospital utilization in response to the combination of higher … deficiencies by studying a policy change that raised patient cost-sharing for retired public employees in California. We find that …