HIE, we find large "offset" effects in terms of increased hospital utilization in response to the combination of higher … copayments for physicians and prescription drugs. These offset effects are concentrated in patients for whom medical care is … insurance should be tied to underlying health status, with chronically ill patients facing lower cost-sharing. We also conclude …

transport patients and have strong preferences for certain hospitals. Being admitted to a hospital with two standard deviations … hospital in a concentrated market increases spending but has no detectable effect on mortality …