health care service efficacy—i.e., physicians as patients—with a comparable group of non-physician patients, taking various … steps to account for unobservable differences between the two groups. Our results suggest that physicians do only slightly … better in adhering to both low- and high-value care guidelines than non-physicians – but not by much and not always …

health care service efficacy--i.e., physicians as patients--with a comparable group of non-physician patients, taking various … steps to account for unobservable differences between the two groups. Our results suggest that physicians do only slightly … better in adhering to both low- and high-value care guidelines than non-physicians - but not by much and not always …

HIE, we find large "offset" effects in terms of increased hospital utilization in response to the combination of higher … copayments for physicians and prescription drugs. These offset effects are concentrated in patients for whom medical care is … HIE, we find large "offset" effects in terms of increased hospital utilization in response to the combination of higher …

, we exploit heterogeneity in patient severity and hospital crowding, and find strongly suggestive evidence that it is the …