patent applications to the European Patent Office, with the top five (Tokyo, Seoul, San Francisco, Higashiosaka and Paris … technology patent applications are more concentrated in top cities than applications in other technology fields. In the United … States, which has led digital technology deployment, the concentration of patent applications in top cities increased more …

This paper looks at how digitalisation is transforming innovation, and the consequent need for innovation policies to … change innovation dynamics. Data have become a core input for innovation. Other changes include more opportunities for … versioning; an acceleration in innovation, more experimentation and collaboration; servitisation; and higher risk associated with …