In this article, we have tested the volatility of the monthly returns of an equity hedge fund for changing conditional variances by using a log likelihood model. Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic models, (GARCH) with t-distributed errors, and exponential generalized...

In this article, we test the effects of the volatility of Gaussian distribution monthly returns of commodity futures contracts of a hedge fund portfolio. We test a linear Gaussian state space model and the Kalman filter ARMA(2,4) model of the natural logarithmic monthly market returns of the of...

We analyze the implied volatility smile of a lognormal distribution on a 3 – month Lundbeck call option contract using the Brownian motion. There is significant time variation in the implied volatility smile and the traditional Black – Scholes model can not explain this deviation. The Black...

We analyze the implied volatility smile of a lognormal distribution on a on a 6 – month EUR/USD call currency option contract using the ratio of strike and share price. There is significant time variation in the implied volatility smile and the traditional Black – Scholes model can not...

We analyze the implied volatility smile of a lognormal distribution on a on a 6 – month EUR/USD call currency option contract using a random standard normal variable. There is significant time variation in the implied volatility smile and the traditional Black – Scholes model can not explain...

We analyze the implied volatility smile of a lognormal distribution on a 3 – month Danske bank call option contract using the option delta. There is significant time variation in the implied volatility smile and the traditional Black – Scholes model can not explain this deviation. The Black...

In this article, we are investigating the effects of returns and expenses of hedge funds in terms of natural logarithmic monthly returns and expenses in terms of fees of long/short equity and arbitrage hedge funds. We have applied a Vector Error Correction model, (VEC) and a Granger causality to...

This article examines the application of the Sharpe style analysis versus a rolling methodology of monthly returns of long/short funds, market neutral funds, event – driven hedge funds and their related indices. The Sharpe ratio is calculated as the ratio of the excess return divided by the...

This article aims at testing empirically the major building blocks that affect the performance and risk adjusted measures of funds of funds hedge funds: incentive fees, management fees, size, age, hurdle rate, high watermark provision and lockup period. Funds of hedge funds invest solely in...

This article examines the application of the information ratio in a rolling style analysis methodology to test the effects on the lognormal returns of a 3 – month OMX Copenhagen 20 Cap index option contract. The information ratio is calculated as the ratio of the excess return divided by the...