This study examines the relationship between healthcare expenditure and disposable income in the 50 US states over the period 1966-2009 using fractional integration and cointegration techniques. The degree of integration and nonlinearity of both series are found to vary considerably across...

This study examines the relationship between healthcare expenditure and disposable income in the 50 US states over the period 1966-2009 using fractional integration and cointegration techniques. The degree of integration and non-linearity of both series are found to vary considerably across...

We employ the nonlinear unit-root test recently developed by Omay et al. (2018), as well as other linear and nonlinear tests, to examine the stationarity of five multi-century historical U.K. series of real output compiled by the Bank of England (Thomas and Dimsdale, 2017). Three series span...